理念 03 / 三条理念之三
Plugin is all you need
来源 · DeepSeek Harness 的插件内核 Cordis
这个说法从哪里来
DeepSeek Harness(dsh)的底层是一个叫 Cordis 的插件框架。它的架构文档里有一句话,我认为是整个设计的关键:
Underneath DeepSeek Harness (dsh) sits a plugin framework called Cordis. Its architecture document contains the sentence I take to be the whole design:
“Every part of the product is a plugin, including the model adapter, the tool registry, the session log, and the agent loop itself, so each is replaceable from configuration.”
中译(本站):「产品的每一个部分都是插件——包括模型适配器、工具注册表、会话日志,以及 agent 循环本身——因此每一部分都可以通过配置被替换。」
DeepSeek Harness · docs/architecture.md · “Cordis”“There is no privileged core to patch: you extend dsh by mounting a plugin beside the others, and registrations are effects that unwind when their plugin unloads.”
中译(本站):「不存在需要打补丁的特权核心:你扩展 dsh 的方式,是把一个插件挂载到其它插件旁边;而注册是一种副作用,会在其插件卸载时自动撤销。」
DeepSeek Harness · docs/architecture.md · “Cordis”引文摘自 DeepSeek Harness 仓库内的架构文档 docs/architecture.md,原文为英文。中译为本站自译。
为什么它不只是口号
内核越小,可替换面越大
当模型适配器、工具注册表、会话日志、agent 循环本身都是插件时,就不存在「必须改源码才能改行为」的地方。替换的成本从「打补丁」降到「换配置」。
组合优于堆叠
插件通过服务与事件交互:用 inject 声明依赖,加载顺序由依赖关系表达,而不是手动编排启动序列。能力因此可以相乘,而不是简单地相加。
注册是可逆的
提示词片段、工具 schema、适配器、监听器都以副作用的形式安装,卸载时按预期撤销。一个可以持续长出东西、又不会因此腐化的系统,才谈得上演化。
相关论文
分三层:能力层(插件让能力越过规模)、生态层(插件已成 agent 系统的组织方式)、以及这一句式本身的出处。
Toolformer: Language Models Can Teach Themselves to Use Tools
Quote · 原文摘录 / verbatim
“Language models (LMs) exhibit remarkable abilities to solve new tasks from just a few examples or textual instructions, especially at scale. They also, paradoxically, struggle with basic functionality, such as arithmetic or factual lookup, where much simpler and smaller models excel. In this paper, we show that LMs can teach themselves to use external tools via simple APIs and achieve the best of both worlds.”
中译(本站):「语言模型在仅凭少量示例或文本指令解决新任务上表现出色,尤其是在规模很大时。但矛盾的是,它们在算术运算、事实查询这类基础功能上却很吃力——而这些恰恰是更简单、更小的模型所擅长的。本文表明,语言模型可以通过简单的 API 教会自己使用外部工具,从而兼得两者之长。」
Schick et al., Toolformer, NeurIPS 2023 · arXiv:2302.04761“Toolformer achieves substantially improved zero-shot performance across a variety of downstream tasks, often competitive with much larger models, without sacrificing its core language modeling abilities.”
中译(本站):「Toolformer 在多种下游任务上显著提升了零样本表现,常常可与大得多的模型相竞争,同时并未牺牲其核心的语言建模能力。」
Schick et al., Toolformer, NeurIPS 2023 · arXiv:2302.04761On the Maintenance and Co-evolution of Agent Plugins: An Empirical Study of Claude Code Plugin Marketplaces
“AI coding agents … are increasingly extended through plugin marketplaces, yet the structure, maintenance, and co-evolution dynamics of these emerging repositories remain empirically unexplored.”
中译(本站):「AI 编程 agent ……正越来越多地通过插件市场被扩展,但这些新兴仓库的结构、维护与协同演化机制,在实证上仍未被研究。」
Hereiz et al., arXiv:2608.28497 · 2026它说明的不是「插件很好」,而是「插件已经成为 agent 系统的组织方式」——这一点不再需要论证,它已经在数据里了。
Packaged, But Not Portable: Why Conforming to the Agent Plugin Standard Is Rare, and Why Conforming Would Not Be Enough
“This paper argues the community standardised a packaging format when composition needs a model…”
中译(本站):「本文认为,当组合真正需要的是一套模型时,社区却只标准化了一种打包格式……」
Sahu, arXiv:2609.23809 · 2026这篇是冲着「插件化」来的:它发现在 68,072 个插件包中只有 6.2% 能通过校验,81% 导出能力的包与另一个插件重名,却没有命名空间或优先级规则来决定由谁响应。它的结论是——打包格式被标准化了,但组合缺少模型。
This one attacks plugin-isation directly: of 68,072 plugin bundles only 6.2% validate, and 81% of capability-exporting bundles share a name with another plugin, with no namespace or precedence rule to decide who answers. Its conclusion: the packaging format was standardised, but composition lacks a model.
Attention Is All You Need
「X is all you need」这一句式的流行源头。我把理念三命名为 Plugin is all you need,是借用它的句法,而含义正好倒过来:那一篇主张「架构里只需要注意力」;这一条主张「系统里只需要一个足够小的内核」。
参考文献(可复制)
- Schick T, Dwivedi-Yu J, Dessì R, Raileanu R, Lomeli M, Zettlemoyer L, Cancedda N, Scialom T. Toolformer: Language Models Can Teach Themselves to Use Tools. NeurIPS 36, 2023. arXiv:2302.04761
- Hereiz A, Lyu Y, Li H, Adams B, Hassan AE. On the Maintenance and Co-evolution of Agent Plugins: An Empirical Study of Claude Code Plugin Marketplaces. arXiv:2608.28497, 2026.
- Sahu T. Packaged, But Not Portable: Why Conforming to the Agent Plugin Standard Is Rare, and Why Conforming Would Not Be Enough. arXiv:2609.23809, 2026.
- Vaswani A, Shazeer N, Parmar N, Uszkoreit J, Jones L, Gomez AN, Kaiser L, Polosukhin I. Attention Is All You Need. NeurIPS 30, 2017:5998–6008. arXiv:1706.03762
- DeepSeek Harness. Architecture (docs/architecture.md), section “Cordis”.
这条理念不主张什么
- 不主张内核可以没有。恰恰相反:内核负责提供上下文、依赖与生命周期。内核越清晰,插件才越敢长。
- 不主张插件越多越好。上面那篇反面证据已经说明,组合冲突是真实成本。多不等于强。
- 不主张「装上去就行」。能力要能被发现、被声明、被组合,才算真的接进来了。
- Not that a kernel is unnecessary. Quite the opposite: the kernel supplies context, dependencies and lifecycle. The clearer the kernel, the more boldly plugins can grow.
- Not that more plugins is better. The counter-evidence above shows composition conflicts are a real cost. More is not stronger.
- Not that installing is enough. Capability counts only once it can be discovered, declared and composed.